Olfaction sensor preservation systems and methods

ABSTRACT

A vehicle system includes: an olfaction sensor comprising: a blower configured to draw air from a passenger cabin through an inlet; a sensor located downstream of the inlet and including one or more proteins configured to measure an amount of a chemical in the air passing the sensor; and a purge source configured to selectively flows a purge gas into the sensor; and a control module configured to selectively take one or more remedial actions based on the amount of the chemical in the air.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/067,937, filed on Aug. 20, 2020. The entire disclosure of the application referenced above is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to vehicles and more particularly to systems and methods for preserving olfaction sensors.

BACKGROUND

This section provides background information related to the present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art.

Vehicles have been recalled due to carbon monoxide entering their passenger cabins and for other reasons. Humans may be overcome by carbon monoxide and lose consciousness.

There may be numerous other situations where chemicals could be present within a passenger cabin of a vehicle. For example, a user may bring an aerosol can in to the passenger cabin of a vehicle and forget to take it out. Due to heat or cold, the aerosol can could emit its contents into the passenger cabin. One or more users could enter the vehicle later and breathe the contents without knowledge.

Electric vehicles include one or more batteries that contain chemicals, such as lithium. The batteries may be located under the passenger cabin and, under some circumstances, can rupture and emit chemicals. Some chemicals that may be present within a passenger cabin of a vehicle may be odorless and colorless.

SUMMARY

In a feature, a vehicle system includes: an olfaction sensor comprising: a blower configured to draw air from a passenger cabin through an inlet; a sensor located downstream of the inlet and including one or more proteins configured to measure an amount of a chemical in the air passing the sensor; and a purge source configured to selectively flows a purge gas into the sensor; and a control module configured to selectively take one or more remedial actions based on the amount of the chemical in the air.

In further features, the one or more proteins are configured to measure the amount of volatile organic compounds in the air.

In further features, the one or more proteins are configured to measure the amount of particulate in the air.

In further features, the purge gas is an inert gas.

In further features, a purge control module is configured to actuate a valve of the purge source and flow the purge gas into the sensor after the measurement by the sensor.

In further features, a vacuum device is configured to selectively vacuum gas out of the sensor.

In further features, a vacuum control module is configured to turn on the vacuum device and to vacuum gas out of the sensor after the measurement by the sensor.

In a feature, a vehicle system includes: an olfaction sensor comprising: a blower configured to draw air from a passenger cabin through an inlet; and an optical sensor located downstream of the inlet and configured to optically measure an amount of a chemical in the air passing the optical sensor; and a control module configured to selectively take one or more remedial actions based on the amount of the chemical in the air.

In further features, a purge source is configured to selectively flow a purge gas into the optical sensor.

In further features, a purge control module is configured to actuate a valve of the purge source and flow the purge gas into the sensor after the measurement by the optical sensor.

In further features, a vacuum device is configured to selectively vacuum gas out of the optical sensor.

In further features, a vacuum control module is configured to turn on the vacuum device and to vacuum gas out of the sensor after the measurement by the optical sensor.

In further features, the optical sensor includes one of a photoelectric sensor and a camera.

In further features, the optical sensor is configured to: capture a first optical measurement with the blower off; capture a second optical measurement with the blower on; and determine the amount of the chemical in the air based on a difference between the first and second optical measurements.

In a feature, a vehicle system includes: an olfaction sensor comprising: a blower configured to draw air from a passenger cabin through an inlet; and a vibration sensor located downstream of the inlet, the vibration sensor configured to: vibrate based on the air passing the vibration sensor; and determine an amount of a chemical in the air passing the vibration sensor based on the vibration of the vibration sensor; and a control module configured to selectively take one or more remedial actions based on the amount of the chemical in the air.

In further features, the vibration sensor includes a piezoelectric sensor.

In further features, the vibration sensor is configured to determine a magnitude of vibration at a predetermined frequency and to determine the amount of the chemical in the air based on the magnitude of vibration at the predetermined frequency.

In further features, the vibration sensor is configured to determine a second magnitude of vibration at a second predetermined frequency and to determine the amount of the chemical in the air further based on the second magnitude of vibration at the second predetermined frequency.

In further features, a purge source is configured to selectively flow a purge gas into the vibration sensor.

In further features, a vacuum device is configured to selectively vacuum gas out of the vibration sensor.

Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description, the claims and the drawings. The detailed description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.

DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an example vehicle system.

FIGS. 2-5 are functional block diagrams of example olfaction sensors.

FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of an example control system.

FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of an example olfaction sensor.

Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A vehicle may include one or more olfaction sensors. Examples of olfaction sensors include VOC sensors, carbon monoxide sensors, and particulate sensors.

Olfaction sensors may include one or more proteins or other devices/structures configured to measure one or more amounts of one or more chemicals in an air sample. The protein(s) or other structure(s), however, may react with oxygen and degrade (e.g., deplete) over time. Examples of other structures include optical sensors, vibration sensors, etc.

The present application involves extending the lifetime of the olfaction sensor by limiting the exposure of a sensor to damaging effects. For example, a blower may be turned off after measurement to minimize airflow through the sensor. A purge gas may be injected into the sensor after measurement. Vacuum may be used to vacuum air out of the sensor.

FIG. 1 includes a functional block diagram including an example vehicle 5. The vehicle 5 includes a control module 8 and one or more olfaction sensors, such as olfaction sensor 10. Examples of olfaction sensors in vehicles include, for example, particulate matter sensors, carbon monoxide (or other carbon oxide) sensors, volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors, and other types of sensors. The vehicle 5 may include one or more different types of olfaction sensors.

The olfaction sensor(s) are each configured to measure an amount of one or more chemicals within a passenger cabin of the vehicle 5. For example, the vehicle 5 may include a particulate matter sensor configured to measure one or more amounts (e.g., concentrations or mass flow rates) of particulate of one or more different sizes in air within the passenger cabin. Additionally or alternatively, the vehicle 5 may include a carbon monoxide sensor configured to measure an amount (e.g., concentration) of carbon monoxide in air within the passenger cabin. Additionally or alternatively, the vehicle 5 may include a VOC sensor configured to measure an amount (e.g., concentration) of VOCs within the passenger cabin.

The control module 8 may receive the measurements from the olfaction sensor(s) and take one or more remedial actions based on the measurements. For example, when one or more amount of one or more chemicals (e.g., particulate, carbon monoxide, VOCs) measured by one or more olfaction sensors is/are greater than one or more respective predetermined amount/s (e.g., of particulate matter, carbon monoxide, or VOCs, respectively), the control module 8 may take one or more remedial actions. The predetermined amount/s is/are greater than zero.

For example, the control module 8 may open one or more windows 12 of the vehicle 5 when the amount of a chemical is greater than the predetermined amount. Additionally or alternatively, the control module 8 may generate an alert within the vehicle 5 when the amount of a chemical is greater than the predetermined amount. For example, the control module 8 may generate or display a visual alert, such as via a visual indicator 14 that is visible within the passenger cabin of the vehicle 5. The visual indicator 14 may be, for example, one or more indicator lights, a display, or another suitable type of visual indicator. Additionally or alternatively, the control module 8 may output an audible alert, such as via one or more speakers. Additionally or alternatively, the control module 8 may output a tactile alert, such as via turning on one or more vibrating devices, such as located in one or more seats, in a steering wheel, or in another suitable location.

Additionally or alternatively, the control module 8 may turn on a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system 16 of the vehicle 5 when the amount of a chemical is greater than the predetermined amount. The control module 8 may, for example, turn on a blower of the HVAC system 16 and control one or more actuators of the HVAC system 16 to circulate or recirculate air from within the passenger cabin to outside of the passenger cabin.

Additionally or alternatively, the control module 8 may store an indicator in memory of the vehicle when the amount of a chemical is greater than the predetermined amount. The indicator may indicate that the amount of the chemical was greater than the predetermined amount. The control module 8 may also store a time stamp (e.g., including a date and a time of the occurrence) with the indicator.

Additionally or alternatively, the control module 8 may transmit an indicator to a remote device 20, such as of a fleet operator, when the amount of a chemical is greater than the predetermined amount. The control module 8 may transmit the indicator via one or more communication networks, such as a cellular communication network, a satellite communication network, a Wi-Fi communication network, or another suitable type of communication network.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of an example implementation of an olfaction sensor 100. The olfaction sensor 100 may be implemented within the HVAC system 16 or in another location within the passenger cabin of the vehicle 5. As discussed above, the vehicle 5 may include multiple olfaction sensors. The olfaction sensor 100 may be a VOC sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a particulate sensor, or another suitable type of olfaction sensor.

Olfaction sensors may include one or more proteins or other devices/structures configured to measure one or more amounts of one or more chemicals in an air sample. The protein(s) or other structure(s), however, may react with oxygen and degrade (e.g., deplete) over time.

The present application involves extending the lifetime of the olfaction sensor 100 by limiting the exposure of a sensor 108 to damaging effects.

In the example of FIG. 2 , the sensor 108 includes one or more proteins configured to measure one or more amounts of one or more chemicals in air at the sensor 108. For example, the sensor 108 may include one or more proteins that measure one or more amounts of VOCs, carbon monoxide, and/or particulate matter.

The olfaction sensor 100 also includes a housing, an inlet 112 of the housing, an outlet 116 of the housing, and a blower 120. The blower 120 draws air through the inlet 112 for measurement by the sensor 108. The blower 120 may draw the air through the sensor 108 as shown in FIG. 2 . While the example of the blower 120 drawing air toward the sensor 108 is provided, the blower 120 may alternatively be located upstream of the sensor 108 in the direction of airflow and blow air to the sensor 108.

To measure the amount(s) of the chemical(s) in a sample of the air, a blower control module 126 may turn the blower 120 on for a predetermined period. The blower control module 126 may turn the blower 120 off once the predetermined period has passed. The sensor 108 may sample the air at a predetermined rate, such as once every X seconds. Alternatively, the blower control module 126 may maintain the blower 120 on continuously. The blower control module 126 may turn the blower 120 on by applying power from a power source 128 to the blower 120 (e.g., an electric motor of the blower 120). The blower control module 126 may turn the blower 120 off by disconnecting the blower 120 from power. The power source 128 may be, for example, a battery of the vehicle, a power converter, or another suitable power source.

The protein(s) of the sensor 108 may degrade over time, for example, due to oxygen in the air and/or particulate clogging/coating the sensor 108. For example, oxygen may corrode and/or oxidize the protein(s).

According to the present application, in an embodiment a purge source 124 purges the sensor 108 with a purge gas that does react with the protein(s). The purge gas may be, for example, an inert gas (e.g., a noble gas, helium, argon, etc.) or another suitable type of gas that does not react with (e.g., cause oxidation of) the protein(s) of the sensor 108. The purge source 124 may include a purge container (e.g., a tank) that stores purge gas. The purge container may be refillable or non-fillable. The purge source 124 may also include one or more valves configured to regulate purge gas flow to the sensor 108. A purge control module 130 may control the purge source 124 (e.g., opening of the valve(s)) to regulate purge gas flow to the sensor 108.

In this example, the sensor 108 measures the amount(s) of the chemical(s) in the air while the blower 120 is moving air across/through the sensor 108. After the measurement is taken (e.g., and the blower 120 is off), the purge control module 130 may control the purge source 124 (e.g., open the valve(s)) to flow the purge gas into the sensor 108 to remove (e.g., all) of the air from the sensor 108. The purge control module 130 may control the purge source 124 to flow a predetermined amount of the purge gas to the sensor 108 or to flow the purge gas to the sensor 108 for a predetermined period. The purge control module 130 may not flow purge gas to the sensor 108 (e.g., by closing the valve(s)) while the sensor 108 is measuring the amount(s) of the chemical(s). The purge control module 130 may not flow purge gas to the sensor 108 (e.g., by closing the valve(s)) after flowing the predetermined amount of the purge gas to the sensor 108 or flowing the purge gas to the sensor 108 for the predetermined period.

FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an example of the olfaction sensor 100. In the example of FIG. 3 , once the measurement is taken (e.g., and the blower 120 is off), a vacuum control module 134 may turn on a vacuum device 132 that pumps the air out of the sensor 108 using vacuum.

In various implementations, olfaction sensor 100 may include both the purge source 124 and the vacuum device 132. The vacuum device 132 may pump the air out of the sensor 108 before, during, or after the purge source 124 purges the sensor 108 with the purge gas.

The purge (e.g., inert) gas may help protect the proteins of the sensor 108 from corrosion/degradation by oxygen. Vacuuming air out of the sensor 108 may also help protect the proteins of the sensor 108 from corrosion/degradation by oxygen. In various implementations, the sensor 108 may be sealed e.g., using one or more actuators.

FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of an example of the olfaction sensor 100. In the example of FIG. 4 , the sensor 108 may include an optical sensor. The protein(s) may or may not be omitted in this example. Replacement of the protein(s) with the optical sensor may decrease a risk of the sensor 108 being degraded by oxygen. The optical sensor may be, for example, a photoelectric sensor, a camera, or another suitable type of optical sensor. Optical sensors, however, may also benefit from the purging and/or vacuuming described herein. For example, optical sensors may be coated with particulate over time, decreasing the accuracy of measurements. Purging and/or vacuuming as described above may reduce coating and increase accuracy and lifetime.

In this example, the sensor 108 may capture a first (baseline) optical measurement before measurement (e.g., before the blower 120 is turned on). The sensor 108 may capture a second optical measurement while the blower 120 is on or after the blower 120 is turned off. The sensor 108 may determine the amount(s) of the chemical(s) in the air based on a difference between the first and second optical measurements.

FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of an example of the olfaction sensor 100. In the example of FIG. 5 , the sensor 108 may include a vibration sensor. Air with different amounts of VOCs and/or particulate matter may have different densities and cause different amounts of turbulence when moved. The vibration sensor may include, for example, a piezoelectric sensor or another suitable type of sensor.

The blower 120 moves air across the vibration sensor 108 for measurement of the amount(s) of the chemical(s) (e.g., VOC and particulate matter) in the air. The movement of the air and the chemical(s) cause the vibration sensor 108 to vibrate. The vibration sensor 108 measures vibration (e.g., magnitudes at one or more predetermined frequencies).

The vibration sensor 108 (or another module) determines an amount of VOCs and/or an amount of particulate matter in the air based on the measured vibration. For example, the vibration sensor (or other module) may determine the amount of VOCs and/or particulate matter using one of an equation and a lookup table that relates vibration (e.g., magnitudes at the one or more predetermined frequencies) to amount of VOCs and/or vibration.

As stated above, the sensor 108 may be sealed e.g., using one or more actuators. For example, as shown in FIG. 2 , the sensor 108 may include an inlet through which air enters the sensor 108 and an outlet through which air exits the sensor 108.

The olfaction sensor 100 may include a first blocking member 160 and a second blocking member 164. An actuator module 168 may actuate the first blocking member 160 and the second blocking member 164. While the example of two blocking members is provided, one of the first and second blocking members 160 and 164 may be omitted.

The actuator module 168 actuate/move (e.g., slide or swing) the first and second blocking members 160 and 164 and opens the inlet and the outlet of the sensor 108 for measurement of the air by the sensor 108. FIG. 2 shows example locations of the first and second blocking members 160 and 164 in open positions. The actuator module 168 may actuate the first and second blocking members 160 and 164 and close the inlet and the outlet of the sensor 108 after the measurement (e.g., after the purging and/or vacuuming). FIG. 7 includes an example illustration of the first and second blocking members 160 and 164 in closed positions such that airflow into the inlet and out of the outlet of the sensor 108 is blocked. While the first and second blocking members 160 and 164 are shown in conjunction with the example of FIG. 2 , the first and second blocking members 160 and 164 may also be used with the examples of FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 .

FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of an example implementation of a control system. As discussed above, one or more olfaction sensors may be included, such as at least one of a VOC sensor, a particulate matter sensor, and a carbon monoxide sensor. The olfaction sensor 100 of FIG. 6 may be a VOC sensor, a particulate matter sensor, or a carbon monoxide sensor. In various implementations, the olfaction sensor 100 may include two or more of a VOC sensor, a particulate matter sensor, and a carbon monoxide sensor.

A comparison module 504 compares a measurement from the olfaction sensor 100 with a predetermined value and generates an output signal based on the comparison. The measurement may be, for example, an amount of particulate, an amount of VOCs, or an amount of carbon monoxide. The comparison module 504 may set the output signal to the first state when the measurement is less than the predetermined value and set the output signal to a second state when the measurement is greater than or equal to the predetermined value.

The comparison module 504 may obtain the predetermined value from memory 508. The predetermined value is greater than zero and may be a fixed predetermined value. Alternatively, the predetermined value may be variable. For example, a baseline module 512 may determine a baseline value and set the predetermined value to the baseline value. The baseline module 512 may set the baseline value, for example, based or equal to an average of the measurements from the olfaction sensor 100 taken over a predetermined period, such as a week or a month. An average may be determined by summing the measurements and dividing by the number of measurements summed.

One or more remedial actions may be taken when the output signal of the comparison module 504 is in the second state. For example, a window actuator module 516 controls actuation (opening and closing) of one or more window actuators, such as window actuator 520, of the vehicle. The window actuator 520 opens (e.g., lowers) and closes (e.g., raises) a window of the vehicle. The window actuator module 516 may control one or more window actuators to open one, more than one, or all of the windows of the vehicle when the output signal of the comparison module 504 is in the second state. Opening the window(s) may include, for example, opening the window(s) to a partially open position further than the window(s) is/are presently open or opening the window(s) to a fully open position.

Additionally or alternatively, an alert module 524 may generate an alert (e.g., visually the visual indicator 14, audibly via one or more speakers, and/or haptically via one or more vibrating devices) when the output signal of the comparison module 504 is in the second state. Additionally or alternatively, a blower control module 528 may turn on a blower 532 of the HVAC system 16 when the output signal of the comparison module 504 is in the second state.

Additionally or alternatively, a communication module 540 may wirelessly transmit an indicator to the remote device 20 via one or more antennas 544 when the output signal of the comparison module 504 is in the second state. Additionally or alternatively, a storage module 548 may store an indicator in the memory 508 when the output signal of the comparison module 504 is in the second state. The indicator may indicate that the amount of the chemical was greater than the predetermined value. The storage module 548 may also store a time stamp (e.g., including a date and a time of the occurrence) with the indicator. A clock 552 may track the date and time.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.

Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail.

In this application, including the definitions below, the terms “module” and “system” may refer to, be part of, or include circuits or circuitry that may include processor hardware (shared, dedicated, or group) that executes code and memory hardware (shared, dedicated, or group) that stores code executed by the processor hardware. The code is configured to provide the features of the modules and systems described herein. In addition, in this application the terms “module” and “system” may be replaced with the term “circuit.” The term “memory hardware” may be a subset of the term computer-readable medium. The term computer-readable medium does not encompass transitory electrical and electromagnetic signals propagating through a medium, and may therefore be considered tangible and non-transitory. Non-limiting examples of a non-transitory tangible computer readable medium include nonvolatile memory, volatile memory, magnetic storage, and optical storage.

The apparatuses and methods described in this application may be partially or fully implemented by a special purpose computer created by configuring a general purpose computer to execute one or more particular functions embodied in computer programs. The functional blocks, flowchart components, and other elements described above serve as software specifications, which can be translated into the computer programs by the routine work of a skilled technician or programmer.

The computer programs include processor-executable instructions that are stored on at least one non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium. The computer programs may also include or rely on stored data. The computer programs may encompass a basic input/output system (BIOS) that interacts with hardware of the special purpose computer, device drivers that interact with particular devices of the special purpose computer, one or more operating systems, user applications, background services, background applications, etc.

The computer programs may include: (i) descriptive text to be parsed, such as JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), hypertext markup language (HTML) or extensible markup language (XML); (ii) assembly code; (iii) object code generated from source code by a compiler; (iv) source code for execution by an interpreter; (v) source code for compilation and execution by a just-in-time compiler, etc. As examples only, source code may be written using syntax from languages including C, C++, C#, Objective C, Haskell, Go, SQL, R, Lisp, Java®, Fortran, Perl, Pascal, Curl, OCaml, Javascript®, HTML5, Ada, ASP (active server pages), PHP, Scala, Eiffel, Smalltalk, Erlang, Ruby, Flash®, Visual Basic®, Lua, and Python®.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “including,” and “having,” are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.

When an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “engaged to,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly engaged to,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.

Spatially relative terms, such as “inner,” “outer,” “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A vehicle system, comprising: an olfaction sensor disposed within a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of the vehicle, the olfaction sensor comprising: a housing having an inlet; a blower configured to draw air from a passenger cabin through the inlet; a blower control module configured to selectively turn the blower on and to selectively turn the blower off; a sensor disposed within the housing and located downstream of the inlet and including one or more proteins configured to measure an amount of a chemical in the air passing the sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to: capture a first measurement while the blower control module has the blower off; capture a second measurement while the blower control module has the blower on; and determine the amount of the chemical in the air based on a difference between the first and second measurements; and a purge source disposed within the housing and configured to selectively flow a purge gas into the sensor; and a control module configured to selectively take one or more remedial actions based on the amount of the chemical in the air.
 2. The vehicle system of claim 1 wherein the one or more proteins are configured to measure the amount of volatile organic compounds in the air.
 3. The vehicle system of claim 1 wherein the one or more proteins are configured to measure the amount of particulate in the air.
 4. The vehicle system of claim 1 wherein the purge gas is an inert gas.
 5. The vehicle system of claim 1 further comprising a purge control module configured to actuate a valve of the purge source and flow the purge gas into the sensor after the measurement by the sensor.
 6. The vehicle system of claim 1 further comprising a vacuum device configured to selectively vacuum gas out of the sensor.
 7. The vehicle system of claim 6 further comprising a vacuum control module configured to turn on the vacuum device and to vacuum gas out of the sensor after the measurement by the sensor.
 8. A vehicle system, comprising: an olfaction sensor disposed within a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of the vehicle, the olfaction sensor comprising: a housing having an inlet; a blower disposed within the housing and configured to draw air from a passenger cabin through the inlet; a blower control module configured to selectively turn the blower on and to selectively turn the blower off; and an optical sensor disposed within the housing and located downstream of the inlet and configured to optically measure an amount of a chemical in the air passing the optical sensor, wherein the optical sensor is configured to: capture a first optical measurement while the blower control module has the blower off; capture a second optical measurement while the blower control module has the blower on; and determine the amount of the chemical in the air based on a difference between the first and second optical measurements; and a control module configured to selectively take one or more remedial actions based on the amount of the chemical in the air.
 9. The vehicle system of claim 8 further comprising a purge source configured to selectively flow a purge gas into the optical sensor.
 10. The vehicle system of claim 9 further comprising a purge control module configured to actuate a valve of the purge source and flow the purge gas into the optical sensor after the measurement by the optical sensor.
 11. The vehicle system of claim 8 further comprising a vacuum device configured to selectively vacuum gas out of the optical sensor.
 12. The vehicle system of claim 11 further comprising a vacuum control module configured to turn on the vacuum device and to vacuum gas out of the optical sensor after the measurement by the optical sensor.
 13. The vehicle system of claim 8 wherein the optical sensor includes one of a photoelectric sensor and a camera. 